The Anthro-connection an Example by

The Anthro-association The case human studies frets about the investigation of man in his different features, by incorporating the strategies for regular sciences in examining the different social and mental marvels of people. Furthermore human studies not just looks at the person in his social and verifiable endeavors yet in addition in due thought of the organic parts of the person that integrates and implants man in his social reality and physical condition; this maybe is the most grounded connect it builds up between the social and normal science. Need article test on The Anthro-association point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue In anthropological semantics for instance, the worry isn't just how language works in the public eye yet in addition examines how science, insight and language covers and decides human relations and personality. An examination of a language as it corresponds inside in a specific culture needs to explore to a limited degree the criticalness of bio-racial decent variety so as to decide the foundations of the specific etymological example such a culture adjusted. Physical Anthropology centers principally around the organic advancement, variety, and improvement of people. The last can't be considered as a minor subject of experimentation yet requires still the work of a sociology point of view in which science can be modified dependent on social and verifiable development and progress(Tosaw). As an investigation and reproduction of antiquated human conduct, prehistoric studies uses logical techniques in recuperation and dating of discovered information. Learning and understanding fossils necessitates that they mull over human life systems and physiology so as to decide rot and structure (in any event). Social humanities can in any case be connected regarding human sciences to characteristic science since in societies the case there are sure natural and organic highlights present that decides or impacts a societys culture (Yamada). Take for instance, the capacity of propagation that may make a standard of heterosexuality which is a social/social build as a subordinate of normal sexuality, this may result to the shut perspective on a culture towards homosexuality. Works Cited: Tosaw, Ronald. Advancement Happens. 2006. (August 13, 2007): evolutionhappens.net. http://www.evolutionhappens.net/ Yamada, Yutaka. Social Anthropology. n.d. Athja.com. August 13 2007. http://www.anthja.com/CA3.html

The Arrival Of Blu-Ray Technology :: Technology

Organizing Problems The Arrival of Blu-beam Technology Blu-beam otherwise called Blu-beam Disk (BD), is the name of a cutting edge optical plate design which was mutually evolved by the Blu-beam Disk Association (BDA), a gathering of the world's driving buyer hardware, PC and media makers (counting Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). When contrasted with the current optical plate configuration, for example, DVD, this new organization permits clients to record, revise and playback top notch (HD) video and store a lot of information. Truth be told, Blu-ray’s capacity limit is multiple times more than conventional DVDs, which can hold up to 25GB on a solitary layer circle and 50GB on a double layer plate. This high stockpiling ability has likewise permitted extra substance and exceptional highlights, for example, downloading additional items, refreshing substance by means of the web, and observing live communicates of uncommon occasions. Likewise, when joined with the new BD-J intuitiveness layer, the users’ involvement with viewing a Blu-beam film will be incredibly improved. For example, while the chief clarifies the shooting of a scene, we can see the scene playing out of sight at the same time. Other than capacity limit and intelligence, superior quality is another motivation behind why Blu-beam is better; a blue-violet laser (405nm) has a shorter frequency than a red laser (650nm), thus the laser spot can center with more prominent exactness. Contrasted with DVDs, which just backings standard-definition (SD), Blu-beam bolsters HDTV and offers multiple times more detail in the lucidity and sharpness of picture, and just as better upgrade impacts in HD video and sound qualit y. Other than Blu-beam, HD-DVD is the other new high-thickness DVD design contending to be the cutting edge optical circle position. The HD-DVD position which is upheld by NEC, Toshiba, and Sanyo, depends on the blue-laser innovation too. Be that as it may, as looked at, Blu-beam has an a lot greater capacity limit and a higher information move rate for both video and sound. So do purchasers incline toward Blu-beam or HD-DVD? As indicated by a free investigation led by Cymfony (a market impact scientific organization) on the new HD video arrangements and players, between October 1, 2006 and November 23, 2006, there are 46 percent (in a sum of 17,664 posts) higher positive conversations about HD-DVD with creators expressing being â€Å"impressed with HD-DVD† versus â€Å"impressed with Blu-ray†. Then again, not many posts has talked about the high stockpiling limit and advance intelligence.

How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages

How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages A plot diagram, plot skeleton, plot structure, or plot pyramidâ€"these are common names for a universal setup of stories that spans time periods, genres, and literary movements. In the simplest of terms, its the way humans have always told stories. When you take away the individual character traits and plot points of a certain story and narrow it down to its conflict and basic structure, youll find that most stories are the same.The reason for this is because the basic plot diagram works. It appeals to our humanity as readers and touches on experiences weve all shared, regardless of our socioeconomic status or background. Its how we analyze our own life story (subconsciously) and how we piece together connections between experiences.How it worksYou begin the story with a character. This part is known as the exposition or introduction, and in it, you learn important information that sets up the action of the story.Next, your character experiences some type of challenge or struggle. Th is is known as the rising action. This can be in the form of other people, nature or a conflict within himself/herself. The rising action can look like a heart monitor (several peaks and valleys as the character faces increasingly larger obstacles and overcomes them) or like one large peak, with the climax at the top.The climax is the point at which the character faces his greatest challenge and overcomes it. In action stories, this could be the final battle between the protagonist and antagonist. In romance, this could be the moment when all seems lost between the lovers but they suddenly find themselves in each others arms to profess their undying love.Finally, there is the resolution or the dénouement. This is the moment when life returns to normal and the reader experiences resolution along with your characters. Its a cathartic process and the reason this plot diagram works every time, in every story.Here is a plot diagram from DiagramsCharts.comThe basic building blocksSo, kno wing that there is a basic setup common to almost every story that has ever been told or written by humanity, what about the other building blocks? Are there particular traits that are important in making a story appeal to audiences?Researchers at Georgetown Universitys Center for Social Impact Communication sought to identify the five key aspects of compelling stories, and heres what they found every story should have:An effective characterThere needs to be at least one compelling character to which readers can relate. It needs to be a character that is realistic, authentic and someone readers can root for. It also should be someone who has a need that is universal (a need everyone can relate to), whether that is seeking for a real connection with someone or trying to survive.TrajectoryThe trajectory is another way to describe the rising action, climax and falling action of the plot pyramid. There needs to be an experience or journey that brings about transformation in the characte r. Think of it as a force that pulls the story forward and makes the reader want to turn the page.AuthenticityAccording to the article, If the trajectory of a story is its skeleton, then authenticity is the meat that adds critical substance to those bones. Through an authentic characters voice and/or thoughts, authors are able to create someone who is compellingâ€"someone readers would want to get to know if they encountered someone similar in real life.Action-oriented emotionsWhen you get angryâ€"really angryâ€"what actions do you show? Do you slam doors? Raise your voice? Does your voice shake?These kinds of actions are always more compelling to read about than passive ones, which is why when someone is arguing with another person in public, people will stop to listen. Its human nature to be drawn to such raw displays of emotion. The same is true of readers. Give your characters compelling, raw situations that elicit action-oriented emotions.A hookA compelling story needs to hook readers as quickly as possible and then keep them hooked. Some authors do this with a fast-paced storyline told with short chapters that end with a suspenseful moment, allowing a sense of urgency to keep readers wanting to turn the page. Other authors do this by building profound or interesting characters, dropping hints about some mysterious past or present as the story is told. Whichever method you use, keeping the reader hooked is what makes a good book impossible to put down.

The High Education Act Of 1968 - 1818 Words

TRIO would later evolve into a total of eight programs, yet keep the title of â€Å"TRIO.† Upward Bound (often referred to as Classic or Regular Upward Bound) would be joined by Upward Bound Math-Science, a program with a format similar to Upward Bound, but stressing and providing assistance in Math and Science, while encouraging students to pursue careers in these fields of study. Veterans Upward Bound was initiated in the 1970s to provide military veterans with the skills and support necessary to pursue a postsecondary degree (U.S. Department of Education, 2016). The Higher Education Act of 1968 authorized the beginning of the first 121 Services for Disadvantaged Students Programs (what would later become Student Support Services) (Groutt 2003b). With the election of President Richard Nixon in 1969 came the fear that the Office of Educational Opportunity, which then housed TRIO Programs, would be wiped out. Rather than dismantling the Office of Educational Opportunity, he de centralized TRIO Programs so that they would be managed via 10 regional centers, rather than via Washington (Groutt 2003b). The Presidency of Jimmy Carter would bring the administration of TRIO Programs back to Washington in 1972 (Groutt 2003b). Educational Opportunity Centers were started in 1972 to provide similar services as Educational Talent Search, but to students of all ages, rather than just middle school and high school aged students (Groutt 2003a). Named for Ronald E. McNair, anShow MoreRelatedChicano Culture And The Chicano Community1130 Words   |  5 PagesCaucasian people. Especially the Chicano community. The Chicano community were treated unfairly and didn t get the education that they needed. In order to get the necessary requirements that they needed to be successful. They found the answer in the form of walkouts. The walkouts resulted in reforming the education system to better serve the Chicano community. Not only did it reform the education system for Chicanos it set up the Chicano community for generations to come. Life in the 1960s was a hardRead MoreThe Downsides of Government Handouts697 Words   |  3 PagesAs the United States sled into a great economic depression in the early 2000’s, the people of this country grew desperate and in need of government assistance. As with any economic downfall the unemployment rate grew to a staggering high. Most families were despondent to stay afloat the poverty line on whatever means possible. But what are the effects of continuously throwing money at people even when the economy bounces back? In an editorial recognizing these effects, â€Å"Welfare Dependency DestroyingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968 Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesthe side of justice in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision. We conclude, unanimously, that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. A salvation of freedom was in the making, but the m aking proved difficult indeed. The next decade brought racial war to the South. The eleven years between the Brown decision in 1954 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 appeared to be a prolonged series ofRead MoreStudent Rights Under The Law1375 Words   |  6 PagesStudent rights under the law are viewed differently when it comes to searching students in the education system. At one time all educational systems acted as a temporary parent over the students. Currently, students in K-12 education system and students in institutions of higher education are viewed differently under the law. In 1995 New Jersey v. T.L.O, two high school students were found smoking in the bathroom at school. One girl admitted to smoking but the other one denied it. TheRead MoreThe Student Movement of 1968 Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the Revolution of 1910, the Mexican political system depended on tactics of repression, manipulation and coercion to control the actions of the opposition. In 1968 the government faced a movement that could not be controlled through the same tactics. The Student Movement of 1968 represented a changing in the political system where those who felt suppressed voiced their discontent, in spite of government suppression. Luis Echeverria, the president following the Student Movement, faced politicalRead MoreEssay about Lasting African Conributions to American Society890 Words   |  4 Pagesthat he had lived as a slave in free state and territory. The high court’s decision was that he was a slave and that the law assuring that slavery would n ot be allowed in the new territories of the United States was unconstitutional. Because of the court’s decision, it helped accelerate the Civil War. Because of the Supreme Court’s decision, the Northerners that once tolerated slavery as long as it stayed in the South knew that they must act quickly to keep slavery from expanding to the western territoriesRead MoreThe Work Of Brameld, Horton, And Freire721 Words   |  3 PagesFreud and Marx, as well as by sociologists such as W. L. Warner (Thomas, 1999). Brameld s ideologies were conceived through a curriculum experiment conducted in a rural high school in Minnesota during 1944 to 1945 (Stone, 1995). In this experiment, called the Floodwood Project, Brameld cooperatively participated with this high school s students and teachers to answer this question: â€Å"What kind of a society do we, as young citizens, want to build for tomorrow†. The students, who participated inRead MorePolitics and Policies Influencin g America’s Education of Bilingual Students1202 Words   |  5 Pagesfor bilingual education. Under a 1919 Nebraska law, no subjects were to be taught in any language other than English. Furthermore, students were forbidden from learning a foreign language until after the 8th grade (Kermit, 2005). Fear fueled the fire of foreigners, and, during a frightening time of war, America clung to the notion that all its citizens should speak only one language, English. The Civil Rights era fostered a rejuvenation of the movement toward bilingual education. Amid withRead MoreWhat Was The Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1325 Words   |  6 PagesConstitution. It occurred between 1954 and 1968, especially in the South and was a struggle by African Americans to achieve civil rights equal to whites including equal availability in employment, housing, education, freedom to vote, equal access to public facilities, and free of racial discrimination. Before Civil Rights Movement Act, African Americans had faced a discrimination in the educational sector, military services and in the work. During the Civil Right Act, the state, federal government, andRead MoreHistory of Accounting in Nigeria725 Words   |  3 Pagesprovide and maintain a high standard of accounting in Nigeria. The Association was granted official recognition by the Federal Government of Nigeria on 28th September 1965 with the name Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN), through an Act of parliament, Act No. 15 of 1965. ICAN was then inaugurated on 21st October 1965. From then onwards to August 1968, the Institute was granting automatic membership status to deserving individuals. On 1st September 1968, ICAN made it compulsory

Most Important Changes Ushered in by The Industrial...

Most Important Changes Ushered in by The Industrial Revolution in Britain The industrial revolution saw many changes to Britain from work to transport. A very important change was the development of the railway system. The railway system changed the face of Britain forever. The development of the railways meant that Britain could become a superpower. The railways changed Britain in many ways from social to economic. An economic change that occurred during the creation of railways was a new level of trade. Before the invention of the railway system, factory owners dreaded the long; cumbersome journey that lay ahead. For example, in 1750 the road transport was often dangerous as there were many obstacles in the way, the horses would†¦show more content†¦This was because they could not compete with the service the railway companies were providing. This meant that many people were out of a job. Despite this setback, many canal company owners were giving the option to invest some shares in the railway companies and many jobs were created. Meaning that displaced canal workers could find a job. This changed Britain because it meant there was only one major form of transport that was used by everyone. A social change that occurred was new means of communication. Before the inventions of railways, people could only communicate with people in there own village, when railways were invented people could send letters and read newspapers. The availability of newspapers meant that people could find out about politics which in turn, led to the development of political parties. The availability of newspapers also meant that people had a reason to want to read which meant Britons were becoming smarter. This changed Britain because it meant the people were becoming smarter and much more current. This meant that people could keep up with the latest ideas and find out about things like: sport, holidays etc. Another social change that occurred was the introduction of seaside resorts. Seaside resorts ‘grew up’ because everyone (not just the rich) could afford to travel. Bank holidays were then brought about, this allowed many people to go to seaside resorts such as Brighton and Blackpool.Show MoreRelatedThe American Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1290 Words   |  6 Pages The American Industrial Revolution began in the 1700’s and ended in the 1800’s. Most people believe that the American Industrial Revolution began when Samuel Slater brought technology from Britain to America. This technology allowed America to use manufacturing to quicken production. Industrial items such as the sewing machine, river boats, trains, telegraph, and mills allowed for growth in the United States. Immigrants from other countries gave the industrial growth enough workers to allowRead MoreThe Victorian Er The Beginnings Of A Modern World1534 Words   |  7 P agesIn 1837, eighteen-year-old Victoria became Queen of England. She ushered in a new era of prosperity and progress. During Victoria’s reign, Great Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. â€Å"By 1882 Britain was in the later stages of acquiring the largest empire the world has ever seen† (Evans). During this time, Britain also emerged as the most powerful trading nation in the world. This sparked a social and economic revolution whose effects are still felt today (Atterbury). By the time VictoriaRead MoreThe Impact of the French Revolution on European Society in Terms of Its Social Thinking4261 Words   |  18 PagesIMPACT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN TERMS OF ITS SOCIAL THINKING NAME : NORHAFIZA BINTI OTHMAN MATRIC NUMBER : 900704145544001 NRIC : 900704145544 MOBILE : 013 6292463 E-MAIL : fieza040790@yahoo.com TUTOR’S NAME : WAN AMINUDDIN BIN WAN AB. HAMID LEARNING CENTER : PETALING JAYA SEPTEMBER 2012 CONTENTS Content Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 2.0 FRENCH REVOLUTION 5 2.1 The Impact of French Revolution 5 2.2 EffectRead MoreHistory Essay: The Reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte2016 Words   |  8 Pagesmainly, because of the chaos of the French Revolution, and because he was able to manipulate the right people. Becoming the Emperor of a French Empire was an amazing accomplishment for someone who just five years earlier (1799) was a commander of artillery for the revolutionary faction. In 1804 he proclaimed himself Emperor of France, and that started a chain of events which embroiled the country in one of the greatest wars in European history. Most people know Napoleon as the instigator of aRead MoreEuropean Nations that Were Formed Due to Nationalist Ideas1643 Words   |  7 Pagesmonarchies had absolute power over their subjects and there was no sense of nationalism or the idea of betterment of the general population. Various social and technological changes helped pave the way for ideas of nationalism. Although the idea of the creation of the nation state began with the advent of the French Revolution but it took more than a century for the ideas of nationalism to become concrete enough to form the independent national state of France. the concept of Nationalism spread throughoutRead MoreEssay about The Conflicted Japan of Yukio Mishima’s Spring Snow1643 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern nation. While the pros and cons of the differing ideologies are almost impossible to get to the bottom of, Japan could not succeed in an industrial global society without adopting Western technology. But along with steam engines an d steel mills came Western food, fashion, and customs, threatening long-established Japanese tradition. The Shishi samurai ushered in the Meiji Restoration, and they preached the motto, Japanese thought, Western technology. Mishima identified with this philosophy, andRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Classical and Human Relations Approaches of Management Theory1679 Words   |  7 Pagestheory. Your essay must clearly define the term â€Å"management theory† and include industry examples to illustrate your answers. In order to define the term management theory and to critically evaluate classical and human approaches it is also important to discuss what shaped the thinking of management theory development. In seeking to define management one must also define the word theory. Theory is defined in the Concise Oxford Dictionary, 9th edition, edited by Della Thompson as a suppositionRead MoreThe Development of International Relations4170 Words   |  17 Pagesunderstand the legacy left behind by this study’s original purpose, international gains and calamities, and by its traditional schools of thought; explanations starting from the time of the Great Powers, to the French Revolution, the first of the alliances, the Industrial revolution, the two World Wars along with the consequent Cold War, the formed international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations, and finally, to where international relations stands today. The finalRead MoreThe Cultural Impact of Computer Technology3417 Words   |  14 Pagesof Curriculum Unit 99.07.07: Narrative Industrial Revolution The Information Age The Future Lesson Plans Lesson 2 ( Two days) Lesson 3 ( 2 days ) Bibliography Student Reading List To Guide Entry Some sociologists believe that technological innovation is the single most important source of social change. But just how does a technological advancement spur social change? What are some of the changes taking place due to the proliferation of technologyRead MoreCarl Marx and Frederick Engels Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesEveryone that was born within the last 100 years knows or has heard about communism. But most do not know the actual basis of communism. They have been given the â€Å"Red Scare† and as usual people use fear as an excuse to go against a new idea that goes against the norm. But the truth is that what we strive for in our civil rights movements and the â€Å"equality for the masses† is the basis of communism. Making sure that everyone had the same share of wealth and giving the â€Å"have nots† an equal share

Industrial Revolution Dbq Free Essays

Industrial Revolution DBQ The Industrial Revolution greatly increased the production of goods. It began in England on the 1700s. Factories were built in clusters and were built near water for their power. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Revolution Dbq or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Industrial Revolution had many negative and positive effects, but the negative effects outweighed the positive effects. The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. It created jobs for many people, less people were on the streets with no job. It gave people hope in improvement in their life. People had jobs now that paid money and since so many people had jobs, more products were produced. This lead to cheaper, mass produced items, so many products were produced that the prices decreased and people were able to afford new thing like clothes and other things they wanted. In the picture from the 1900s showing a man in nice clothes with a shiny car. The man doesn’t have rag clothes, it’s a nice suit with no rips or tears. With long term positive effects, child labor laws have been produced. Because of all the injuries children went through during the Industrialization, laws have been made to make working conditions better and kids can’t work until a certain age. The Industrial Revolution had many negative effects. One negative effect was injuries and death on the job. In the Testimony, by Joseph Hebergam, Hambergam was a man who is sick and he is talking to a man about how he caught his illness by damaged lungs and his leg muscles won’t function properly and will not support the weight of his bones. He also talks about how he will die in a year. In the testimony he explains how he received the illness from the dust in the factories and from overworking and insufficient diet. Then the man goes into talking how his brother died from a cut from a machine and died of infection. Another negative effect would be that people’s life-spans decreased, a lot. The average life-span for a farm workers was 38, the average for a factory worker was 17. The working conditions were so bad and most people worked until they died. People also died from sicknesses, people would get sick and then make contact with others and the sickness would spread to others. Lastly, a long term effect was pollution. It’s hard to clean up the damage that has been done to the world. People would just throw things on the street and just trashed the world. The waste and trash caused pollution which is very hard to get rid f. In the picture that shows the smoke stack, it shows all the smoke that would go into the air from the factored. That polluted our world a lot too. In the Industrial Revolution the negative effects outweighed the positive. People were dying young. When people died, the job they had had to be replaced. Many people lost their lives at a young age. In the Testimo ny, by William Cooper, he talks about how the man was eight and twenty years old. He started working in the mills when he was ten. He talks about how he would start at five in the morning and stopped at nine. He had one period of 40 minutes in the 16 hours at noon for a meal. If the people in the factories started to get tired they were often whipped. He tells how he had no time for school, he can read but he can’t write. People were in these factories for so long they had no education that was needed for life. He had no knowledge about books or education things. Another way the negative outweighs the positive is that pollution was caused that has made the world worse. It can’t be changed. In the excerpt from the conditions of working class, it talks about how filthy the streets were. It says in the excerpt â€Å"the streets are usually unpaved, full of holes, filthy, and strewn with refuse. Since they have neither gutters nor drains, the refuse accumulates in stagnant, sinking puddles. † The world was very polluted and caused horrible living conditions for people. Lastly, even though people were getting more money, there wasn’t enough people for housing for them people to live. Because so many people wanted jobs, cities were becoming overcrowded. There is no point in having money for a house when the city is too crowded for one. The Industrial Revolution had many negative and positive conditions. Out of all the effects the negative effects outweighed the positive. As you DNA see the Industrial Revolution had many positive effects like creating jobs for people, creating cheaper mass-production and child labor laws were later created. The Industrial Revolution had many negative effects like injuries and decreased and pollution was created. If the negative effects weren’t so bad as they were, like people dying on the job and working conditions weren’t so bad then the positive effects would have outweighed the negative. people would have loved much longer. How to cite Industrial Revolution Dbq, Essay examples

Fight For Independence free essay sample

It all started on the Proclamation of 1763 when the British told the agonies that they could not move west to the land they had won from the war. England wanted to give the land to the Indians to prevent further wars. After that, the Quartering Act in 1765 forced to colonist to harbor British soldiers in their homes. The colonist felts as they were being spied on. The colonist had to provide the soldiers shelter, booze and transportation. Then in 1765, England passed the Stamp Act that forced the colonist to pay taxes on any official document. England believed that the colonist should help pay for the wars expenses.To protest the Sons of Liberty stole documented papers and merchants boycotted from British goods. Later on, In 1767, England secretly passed the act that taxed to colonist Indirectly on glass, lead, paper, and tea. The colonist noticed but the act was repealed before anyone could do anything. We will write a custom essay sample on Fight For Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Colonist boycotted on British goods. On March 5, 1 770 British soldiers opened fire on protesting Boston citizens and killed 5 . This Is known as the Boston Massacre and word spread fast of the massacre throughout the 13 colonies because of Benjamin Franklins postal services. Later, the parliament passed the Tea Act In 1773.The act made colonist only buy tea from the West Indies Company. No other company could compete. The price of tea went down but the people if Boston were still outraged. The Sons of Liberty dressed up as In 1774, Parliament established the Intolerable Act. This was England retaliation to the Boston Tea Party. The act closed the ports if Boston and established military rule all over Massachusetts. Colonist protested in rage. Representatives from twelve of the thirteen colonies united for the first time to make the continental congress in 1767. Thomas Jefferson and other distinguished men gathered to write up the relation of rights.All trade was ceased from England. The parliament rejected all the petitions and parched into and Concord to capture the rebel leaders. At shooting broke out and the minute men didnt stand a chance. At concord more minute men came and fought the British. This time they had a chance. They fought like the Indians and hid behind trees. The British retreated with 273 casualties and the British soldiers had less than hundred Casualties. Colonist made another Continental Congress. Thus, the fight for independence made America the free and independent country we are today.

Seven Deadly Sins and Play Everyman free essay sample

In the play Everyman, death is personified and treated as an agent of God that goes to visit the plays protagonist, Everyman. Everyman, like other morality plays, seeks to present a religious lesson through allegorical figures representing abstract characteristics. The play centers on the life of Everyman, a wealthy man in his prime who is suddenly called by Death to appear before God for judgment. On his journey to meet God, he seeks assistance from lifelong companions Fellowship (friends), Kindred and Cousin (family), and Goods (material wealth), but all abandon him because he has neglected them in life, Good-Deeds is too weak to accompany Everyman on his journey. She advises him to call on Knowledge (awareness of sin). Knowledge escorts Everyman to Confession, who directs him to do penance. In the process of Everymans penance, Good-Deeds is strengthened and is finally able to accompany Everyman to his final reckoning. Everyman, now wearing the garment of Contrition, continues his journey—until now a quest for spiritual health, but increasingly showing the qualities of a pilgrimage—to salvation. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Deadly Sins and Play Everyman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyman, Knowledge, and Good-Deeds are joined on the journey by Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits (the senses). After donating his wealth to charity, Everyman follows the advice of Knowledge and Five Wits and receives the sacraments of Communion and Extreme Unction. Meanwhile, Knowledge and Five Wits converse on the subject of corrupt priests in the church. Approaching his grave, Everyman is again deserted by all his companions except Knowledge and Good-Deeds. As the story closes, Knowledge remains behind as Everyman and Good-Deeds together descend into the grave. The themes in Everyman are strongly reflected in the allegorical characters which populate the work. The work teaches ethical and religious lessons about how to please God and how to treat humanity. The work has been seen by some critics as a dramatic treatment of the medieval Catholic church doctrine of â€Å"Holy Dying,† whereby a person forsakes earthly attachments and prepares his or her soul for salvation, but episodes such as the discussion between Knowledge and Five Wits on corrupt priests suggest the influence of the Protestant reform movement as well. The testing of Everymans companions, all of whom fail except for Good-Deeds, reflects the medieval belief that friends must prove themselves before they can be accepted as true. Good-Deedss loyalty additionally points to the Christian notion of friendship as a gift from God. Thus, this figure represents not only Everymans own positive and good actions but Gods blessing as well. Everyman is a very interesting play, that shows how every single person has the responsibility to do good things during his life, and then at his death, God will judge him for all his sins he make during his live. The purpose of this essay is to show that God has a purpose for all of us and we can choose whether accept his purpose or no. The story begins when God was thinking that everyman had made a lot of sins so He sent Death to take to Everyman the message that he must go on a long journey; that he must prepare to make his accounting before God. But everyman denied to leave earth, he says that he is not ready and asks for more time also, offers to the Death one thousand pounds if he forgive him but Death refuses saying that all riches in the world would be his if he did that type of illegal business. Moreover, Everyman next request was if he will be allowed to return after he has give his account to God but he guarantee him that the place he is going to there is no way to return but at least he can find someone to join him on the journey that is very difficult. First, he found fellowship; he says that he will do anything for Everyman even to paid a wrong done by him at the risk of his own life, but when Everyman invites Fellowship to join him in the journey of Death, Fellowship quickly declines and rapidly go away. Then Everyman decides that blood unions might make stronger companions, so he approaches Kindred. At the beginning seems that Kindred will accompany Everyman. But when Kindred knows of the destination. He declines. Everyman is feeling lonely. Moreover, Everyman looks for Goods but he cannot help him too, no one of his â€Å"friends† help him so he thought that he choose wrong his friends. At last he recalls his Good Deeds and Good Deeds suggests that Knowledge can be of help, then Knowledge takes Everyman to visit Confession, because if Everyman learned that knowledge of his sins, he can find salvation. More after Everyman add new companions to go with him. Discretion, Beauty, Strength, and the Five Wits. At the end, Everyman receives last rites from a priest and prepares to meet Death. The audience reminded that the priest is God’s representative. As the journey continues, all his companions had leaved him. Beauty is the first, because beauty fades quickly as man get close to death. The next to leave is Strength. Next Discretion leaves, and then Five Wits abandons Everyman and at last only Knowledge and Good Deeds remain by his side. Good Deeds accompanies him to the Heaven to plead his cause before his Maker, and Knowledge, remaining behind, hears the joyful songs of the angels. In conclusion, this morality play shows that no one escapes from God`s will. We must be the kind of person that changes all bad things in our world. And always be thanked to God and in simple words do good things in life. Everyman is a very interesting play, that shows how every single person has the responsibility to do good things during his live, and then at his death, God will judge him for all his sins he make during his live. The purpose of this essay is to show that God has a purpose for all of us and we can choose whether accept his purpose or no. At the end, Everyman receives last rites from a priest and prepares to meet Death. The audience reminded that the priest is God’s representative. As the journey continues, all his companions had leaved him. Beauty is the first, because beauty fades quickly as man get close to death. The next to leaved is Strength. Next Discretion leaves, and then Five Wits abandons Everyman and at last only Knowledge and Good Deeds remain by his side. Good Deeds accompanies him to the Heaven to plead his cause before his Maker, and Knowledge, remaining behind, hears the joyful songs of the angels. In conclusion, this morality play shows that no one escapes from God`s will. We must be the kind of person that changes all bad things in our world. And always be thanked to God and in simple words do good things in life. Other things to note are: 1. that God dominates the first half of the play 2. that the Wheel of Fortune assists in the descent-ascent pattern 3. that Everyman initially relies on his earthly supports to assist him on his journey; at this point he is damned 4. that the motifs of prayer, preoccupation with time, and personal suffering appear in both halves of the play. 5. that the Seven Deadly Sins, although not overtly present in the play, are central to Everymans dilemma, especially Avarice and Pride. 6. that the play has a number of thematic references to Christs Passion 7. that the play finally teaches mans redemption is only through Christ. In addition, various structural patterns for the play have been advanced. On the one hand, some have argued for a four part structural scheme: 1) the fruitless conflict with death, 2) the failure to find a companion, 3) the change from despair to joy through the arrival of worthy companions, and 4) the new complication arising from the desertion by the worthy companions. On the other hand, others argue for a three part scheme focusing on various climaxes as Everyman is abandoned by various groups of companions. However, the negative prologue of the Messenger and the positive epilogue of the Doctor clearly distinguish a two part structure. One movement, a falling action, occupies approximately the first half of the play; it traces Everymans decline in fortune from Deaths entrance, which shatters the apparent serenity of his life, to the depth of his despair, where he can foresee only eternal damnation. The second movement, a rising action, carries him from this nadir to his final salvation, symbolized by the words of the welcoming Angel. Detailed analysis reveals this two part, descent-ascent structural pattern as the basic principle of the plays organization

Essay about study guide

Essay about study guide Essay about study guide Introduction: Role of IS strategy in business organizations: manages how people work, must be managed as a critical source, IS are part of almost very aspect of the business, IS enable or inhibit business opportunities and new strategies, IS can be sued to combat business challenges from competitors. It is an ongoing process, you have to be constantly evaluating. People and technology work together, integrating business and information systems. â€Å"digital natives† who grown gaining expertise in IS. IS is only getting cheaper and easier, so it is hard to keep a competitive advantage. MANAGERIAL ROLES : VISIONARY, INFORMATION AND INTEPERSONAL, STRUCTURAL, (FIG 1.2). Mintzeberg describes anagement in behavioral terms, by categorizing three major roles of a manager: interpersonal, informational and decisiomal. This model is useful because it considers the chaotic eneviroment in which managers live in (1.4) CLASSIC MANAGEMENT MODEL: INCLUDES FOUR ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY MANAGERS TO REACH ORGAZIATIONAL GOALS AND EACH DEPENDANT ON THE OTHERS: PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING, CONTROLLING. (1.3) Functional view: based on the functions that people perform such as accounting, finance, marketing, operations and human ressources. Information ressources flow up and down through specialized sets of tass , information first flows vertically up and down between line positions and management , after analysis it may be transimitted across aother functions for use elsewhere in the company. Process view: describing business in terms of primary and support activities, that are performed to create delover and support a product or service.primary activities (inbound, logistics, marketing sales, services )are those that transform the business from a raw product into a set of values, this value chain is supported by cpmmon activities shared across all the primary activities(support activites) (1.6) process view related to the value chain. Information hierarchy:data, information, knowledge.(15) 1.7. 1.8 Informations doesn’t wear out, it can become obsolete or no true, IS replicated at almost zero coset without limit, doesn’t physically exists, when sold seller may still process and sell again.price based om value of the customer (1.9) IS: technology, people, process.(1.10) , information systems, management. Chapter 1: Business strategy from mission statement of the organization: te different steps of how the business is going to get there. Organizational strategy: includes the organization’s design as well as the choices it makes to define, set up, coordinate, and control its work processes. The organizational strategy is a plan that answers the question: how will the company reorganize to achieve its goals and implement its business strategy? Porters competitive advantage: cost leadership, difrenciation, focus (1.3) , an application of these dynamic business processes (ability of the firm to adjust to the rapid changing environment and adjusting its organizational ressources ) is destroy your business like the example of GE. Figure 1.4 looks at the differences between these two models. Organizational strategies :The business diamond: it identifies the crucial componenets f an organzoatioms’ plan as its information/control, people, tructure and tasks. All of the componenets are inrelated. Over the years there has been variations of this model, substituting terms like business processes, culture and management systems for leavitt’s orginal terms. All the componenets impact one another so for example if an organization tres to change its people but fails in changing its processes, this can have a huge impact on the prganzixaton vecause they all work together. Fig 1.5 all of them are interelatesd. Collaboration: using social IT to extend the erach of skateholders, both employees and those outside the entreprise walls. Social IT such as social networks enable individuals to find and connect with each pther to share

Textual Analysis about Your Fate Hurtles Down at You Essay

Textual Analysis about Your Fate Hurtles Down at You - Essay Example despite these circumstances, those who are left have to learn to survive and find the reason for their existence, or at least will be lead by fate to that reason. â€Å"Your Fate Hurtles Down at You† reflects more of the life that is comparable to the sting of cold in an icy setting. The setting of the story may not just have been a chance choice for the author to develop what he wanted to communicate to his readers rather has been carefully considered to put emphasis on his points. First, Davos is a place which is perfect for the research about ice and snow because of its geographical make up. Although some important parts of the story did not occur in the same area, the settings are similar in that, they are prone to avalanches. This circumstance is what the author uses to emphasize the title of the story, used as a metaphor. As an avalanche falls anytime without warning, fate hurtles down inevitably on people, whether they like it or not. The narration of the death of the storyteller’s twin brother, Willi, is a strong demonstration of how fate hurtles down on a person. He did not like to die, he was young and in love with Ruth who was pregnant with their child. Nevertheless, he was destined to die young and as his death came suddenly and unexpectedly, this event and the cause of death portray the suddenness of how fate could hit an individual. On the other hand, the fate of Willi’s brother is to love the same woman he adored, Ruth. Despite the fact that Ruth showed interest on Willi more than his twin brother, the other did not stop loving her. This, is the author’s fate. To love the woman who loved his brother and just cannot learn to love him despite his brother’s demise. This fate could be different to that of Willi’s but it is comparable to it. If the cause of Willi’s death is an avalanche, the cause of his brother’s end to loving other women is Ruth. Willi’s brother was competing with Bader for the affections of an Alsatian widow but he

COURSEWORK 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

2 - Coursework Example Change is pervasive not only in peoples individual lives but also in business organisations – for profit or not. Change is inevitable; it is also one of the constants in this world. It doesnt matter if an organisation is doing something about the impact of change – technological, societal and market – on how they do business. These changes will still impact on them and those who react fastest and most constructively will survive. Management theories emerged as a result of change. From the scientific management to centralized organisation; from a decentralized management to empowered workforce; and from a knowledge management to learning organisation. In order to protect its current status, Toyota Motors Corporation, as they say, must run faster to stay in place. First and foremost, it must embrace change whole heartedly – this means the entire organisation as a whole rather than its parts individually. The above changes unfortunately results to a more cutthroat competition not only in the automobile industry but in all industries affected by these changes. Sustaining status quo or surviving in a highly competitive environment is expensive. Companies, to maintain their standing in the market, have to spend more and more in advertising and other activities to sustain the market’s interest in their products and services. This practice is fatal in the long run. Certainly a company can not indefinitely spend its scarce financial resources in activities which can only sustain what is. To survive the company must not only please existing customers, but make new ones too. In this dynamic environment, an organisation finds change and performance improvement more as matters of business survival rather than as matters of competitiveness. Product differentiation and cost leadership are two strategies a company can adopt to stay ahead of competition. Continuous process improvement

Effects of Heat Treatment on Seed Germination

Effects of Heat Treatment on Seed Germination Introduction Seed germination has been found to be influenced by many factors. Some of these include water availability, nutrients, light, incubation, and heat shock (Masamba, 1994). In the natural Western Australian environment, heat shock is most commonly provided by bushfires. Periodic fires result in an open environment providing enhanced moisture, light, and nutrients which are conducive to the survival of germinated seeds (Bell, Plummer, Taylor, 1993). There are many species of the Western Australian flora, especially in the Leguminosae families, that have a hardened testa in order to suppress germination until fire provides a better chance of seedling survival (Herranz, Ferrandis, Martinez-Sanchez, 1998). Heat shock is required in some plant species to fracture the hard seed coat which allows for water imbibition, gas exchange, and releases the embryo from physical restraints (Mucunguzi, Oryem-Origa, 1996). Short exposures to the high temperatures reached in soil during fires can greatly increase germination percentages of certain species (Bell et al., 1993). Under laboratory conditions, the heat shock usually provided by fire can be simulated using boiling water. Dry heat or scarification and acid treatments can also increase the percent of seeds germinated (Bell et al., 1993). The aim of the experiment was to examine the effects of different temperature heat treatments on the percent germination of four species of legumes. Materials and Methods Plant Material Four different commercially obtained plant species were used to examine the effects of different heat pre-treatments on the percent seed germination of set sample sizes. The four species used in the experiment were Kenndia coccinea, Acacia saligna, Hardenbergia, and Acacia pulchella. Experimental Treatment A total of 600 seeds were taken from each species and divided into sets of 110. Each set was pre-treated at one of five temperatures. The temperatures were: room temperature (24ËÅ ¡C), 40ËÅ ¡C, 60ËÅ ¡C, 80ËÅ ¡C, and 100ËÅ ¡C. The seeds from each treatment were divided into 50 labelled petri dishes, 11 seeds per dish. All of the seeds in a single petri dish underwent the same pre-treatment. The petri dishes were then placed into a dark cupboard for incubation at room temperature and randomized. Viability Test In order to assess the viability of the seeds collections used for the germination experiment, a tetrazolium test was carried out on 96 untreated seeds from each species. The testa of each seed was cracked before being tested. Scoring Germination The numbers of seeds germinated in each petri dish were recorded at the end of each week for four weeks, along with the species and pre-treatment the seeds underwent. A drop of fungicide was used to kill any moulds that were found growing in the petri dishes during incubation. Statistical Analysis The heat treatments of each species were compared using the chi square analysis, allowing for 5% error. The null hypothesis (Ho) for the chi square tests is that the treatments had no effect on the percent of seeds germinated. The alternate hypothesis (Ha) is that the different treatments did have an effect on the percent of seeds germinated. Results The chi square analysis compares the total number of germinated seeds between treatments for one species to determine if statistically, we should accept or reject the null hypothesis. Table 1 displays that Kenndia coccinea, Acacia saligna, and Acacia pulchella all have a chi square value greater that the 5% error value. Therefore, we can be 95 % confident that the Ho should be rejected and Ha accepted. Hardenbergia, however, has a chi square value less than the 5% error value, therefore, Ho is accepted. Table 1 Chi square values and degrees of freedom calculated from the number of germinated seeds of four different plant species after a variety of controlled heat treatments Species Chi Square value 5% error Kenndia Coccinea 52.90909 9.49 Acacia saligna 39.84615 9.49 Hardenbergia 6.15444 9.49 Acacia pulchella 38.5 9.49 Data shows that three of the four chi square values are greater than the 5% error value. This indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected for Kenndia coccinea, Acacia saligna, and Acacia pulchella. Therefore, Ha is accepted for these species. It is obvious from the graphs in figure 1 that the different heat treatments had little effect on the percent germination of c) Hardenbergia. Significant variations can, however, be seen in the germination of the other three species. Attention should be drawn to the significant increase in germination of d) Acacia pulchella between the 80ËÅ ¡C treatment and 100ËÅ ¡C treatment. a) b) c) d) Fig. 1 Percent germination of a) Kenndia Coccinea, b) Acacia saligna, c) Hardenbergia, and d) Acacia pulchella at the end of a four week growth period. Each species had 500 seeds which were divided into five different heat pre-treatments. Discussion Heat shock treatments have two primary effects on seeds that cease dormancy. Cracking of the seed coat appears to be most common result of heat shock; however, heat can also be used to denature seed coat inhibitors (Hanley, Lamont, 2000). It is obvious from the information displayed in table 1 and figure 1 that temperature has a significant effect on the germination of Kenndia coccinea, Acacia saligna, and Acacia pulchella. In the natural environment, extreme temperatures on the soil surface can be lethal to seeds (Bell et al., 1993). Due to thermal diffusion, seeds below 6 to 8 cm may be too deep to have their seed coats cracked (Hanley, Lamont, 2000). A. pulchella has developed a relationship with ants to maximise germination. The ants bury the seeds at a depth of approximately 4cm which is the depth where heat penetration and temperature required to break dormancy appears to converge (Hanley, Lamont, 2000). A similar heat pre-treatment experiment (Table 2) to the one carried out in this report was carried out by Bell, Plummer, Taylor (1993). They examined the effects of seed scarification and boiling on the percent germination of native Western Australian legumes. The data indicates that a 300 second heat treatment tends to reduce germination percentages in most of the species listed in table 2. Acacia pulchella is one Western Australian species that shows no significant germination in the percent germination (Bell et al., 1993). This information suggests that A. pulchella evolved in an environment that experiences prolonged burning (Bell et al., 1993). The results obtained by Bell, Plummer, Taylor (1993) after examining the effects of no pre-treatments, seed scarification, and heat shock on 55 species of native Western Australian legumes. It is interesting to note that the percent germination graph of A. saligna in figure 1 shows an increase in germination as treatment temperature increased. This result is significant as A. saligna is a coastal habitat species whose seeds have the capacity to survive mild fires, but are unable to endure intense heat (Herranz et al., 1998). While high temperatures are required to crack the seed coat of many native Western Australian species, germination may also be cued by incubation temperatures that would best support the survival of the seedlings (Bell et al., 1993). It is possible that this factor may have influenced the germination results of K. coccinea, A. saligna, Hardenbergia, and A. pulchella. In Western Australia, heat is a key requirement for the successful germination of many plant species. Combinations of factors, however, are often required to maximise the chance of germination of any plant species. Due to the diversity of flora in Western Australia, more research is required to determine the optimal environment for commercial or private cultivation of many species.

Accounting: the Forensic Accounting Who Fought Whiet Collar Crime Essay

Abstract The global increase in fraud has caused many people to lose trust in accountants. However, experts in the field of Forensic Accounting, such as Certified Fraud Examiners, are restoring ethics and trust by fighting to deter white-collar crimes. The most prevalent type of fraud encountered is occupational fraud. Under occupational fraud the most common and consequential schemes are asset misappropriation and fraudulent statements. Due to the rapid increase of occupational fraud, organizations have implemented anti-fraud controls. Statistics have shown that these controls have helped to decrease the likelihood of fraud. This examination of Forensic Accounting points out the importance of Certified Fraud Examiners in the economic, business, and financial fields within the International Community. See more:  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay Forensic Accounting: Fighting White Collar Crime When asked about ethical issues in the field of accounting, Raymond Reisig, both a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), stated that ethics is the foundation which accounting stands on because â€Å"Our whole profession depends on people trusting us.† However, due to the lack of ethics in many large companies involved with fraud, the public has lost faith in the accounting profession. Hoping to restore the trust of society, many companies worldwide have incorporated Forensic Accounting into their industries. Essentially, the secret to uncovering fraud is by following a trail of money that will eventually lead to evidence that proves where the money has gone. This has been the job of Certified Fraud Examiners for years. A number of different types of frauds occur daily, but the most prevalent type of fraud that seems to catch the public’s eye is occupational fraud. Everyday, Certified Fraud Examiners are working hard to fight off occupatio nal fraud in corporate America. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), occupational fraud is â€Å"the use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization’s resources or assets† (2010, p. 6). Occupational fraud has now become a global problem, which has substantially increased the demand for forensic accounting. Forensic accounting is one of the many branches in accounting; under this specific branch exists Certified Fraud Examiners. Certified Fraud Examiners are experts specifically trained to find fraud, detect the ways in which the fraud was committed, and uncover who may have committed the crime. Two of the many schemes under occupational fraud that certified fraud examiners are confronted with are asset misappropriation and fraudulent statements. â€Å"Report to the Nations†, a worldwide study of 1,843 cases of occupational fraud from 2008-2009, found that in the U.S. â€Å"Asset mi sappropriation schemes were the most common form of fraud†¦ representing 90% of all cases† (ACFE, 2010, p. 4). Asset misappropriations range from conspiracies like skimming, when an employee does not record a sale and instead pockets the money, to schemes like check tampering, when an employee steals blank checks from the company and writes them out to himself. However, the most common fraud is billing. Billing happens when an employee deceives his employer to make false payments by submitting invoices for fictitious goods or services. One example of this could be found in a recent report in The New York Times. Anita Collins, 67, who is being charged for grand larceny in the first degree, for embezzling over $ 1 million over seven years from the Archdiocese of New York. Anita was able to skillfully delude the Catholic Church by sending fictitious invoices to the Archdiocese and issuing 468 checks to accounts she controlled (Otterman 2010). Billing alone can cause an organization to lose, on average, $128,000 annually. Although Asset misappropriation is the most common type of fraud, according to â€Å"Report to The Nations† it is the least costly. In contrast to asset misappropriation, fraudulent statements only made up less than 5% of all cases in the same study. However, these schemes are the most consequential, causing a median loss of more than $4 million annually (ACFE 4). Fraudulent statements involve the manipulation, falsification or alteration of accounting records, misrepresentation of financial statements, and the misapplication of accounting principles relating to amounts (Crumbley 2009). Financial statement schemes can be very hard to catch because they are buried under false numbers and fake company names. In a recent New York Times article authors Hiroko Tabuchi and Keith Bradsher revealed that in October 2011, Michael C. Woodford, former Olympus president and chief executive, exposed the corporat ion’s â€Å"fraudulent accounting†. The scandal covered up $1.7 billion in losses by misstating their finances on their income statements. The corporation’s former and current executives tactically buried their losses so that external auditors could never discover them (Tabuchi 2012). Due to the complexity of financial statement fraud, such as the Olympus scandal, many companies hire certified fraud examiners to investigate their financial statements when they suspect fraud is present. Occupational fraud is hard to detect due to the fact that owners and executives commit most fraud. Take for example the case of Maria do Rosario Veiga. Ms. Veiga was an experienced auditor who had been working for the World Meteorological Organization for 4 years before she blew the whistle on their fraudulent behavior. Ms. Veiga was fired from the organization because she refused to cover- up an embezzlement scheme of 3.5 million dollars stolen by senior officials (WMO 2009). For this reason many organizations have implemented anti-fraud controls to prevent and detect fraud. Anti- fraud controls consist of controls such as hotlines, fraud training for employees, surprise audits and employee support programs. In every study since 2002, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners have found that tips are the most common and effective way to detect fraud (ACFE 4). This study found that tips detected 40.2 percent of all cases; employees were the most common source of fraud tips (ACFE 17). Anti- fraud controls are reinforcing ethical standards in the field of accounting. A specific case study examined by CFE Tracy Coenen exemplifies the right way to deal with receiving a tip from an employee about fraud. First, the board of directors must determine that an independent investigation of the allegations should be done. After this, they seek unbiased analysis, and retain an outside counsel and a forensic accountant to investigate. Management then gathers all documents relevant to the allegations, and gives the investigator access to all employees and accounting records (Coenen 2011). Going through such procedures should be important to any company who receives a suspicious tip from an employee. Due to the major business scandals involving asset misappropriation and fraudulent statements, it is crucial for CFEs to have a good understanding of these schemes. Examining fraud involves close examination and piecing together financial evidence to find the hidden truth behind numbers. For this reason, the requirements to become a CFE include earning a Bachelor’s Degree, passing a ten-hour exam and having at least two years of professional experience in the related field (Meservy, 2006, p. 164). Not only do these requirements prepare a CFE before going into the field of forensic accounting, but they also ensure the public that the work of a CFE is trustworthy. Although it is very important that CFEs obtain knowledge of fraudulent behavior, it is also important that they acquire other skills as well. Many times when people hear the word â€Å"accountant† they rarely think of a person who has excellent communication and writing skills. However, this is a very misleading misconception; In fact in a survey of 725 CFEs, communication and people skills were reported as critical by 44% of the recipients (Meservey, 2006, p. 176). These skills are viewed as critical because when a fraud examiner is investigating a case, he or she must be able to speak directly with their client; A CFE must also be able to orally present their findings in a courtroom to a judge and jury in a way that is clear and easy to understand (Wells, 2009). Along with communication and people skills, surprisingly, writing skills are also one of the most important. After a fraud examiner collects all the evidence needed, he or she must report their findings; A majority of the time these findings are reported by writing. Tracy Coenen, a fraud examiner and forensic accountant, stresses that, â€Å"The best financial expert witnesses help win cases by artfully and simply communicating the facts through written reports†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Coenen, 2007). For this reason, a CFE must have strong writing skills. A part of effectively reporting facts is following an ethical code by remaining unbiased about the innocence or guilt of the suspect, and reporting only relevant facts. If there is a lack of clarity in the way facts are reported and communicated, not only can it cause the jury to lose trust in the CFEs findings, but essentially cause a negative outcome on a case (Coenen, 2007). The corner stone of the accounting field is ethics. For this reason, being ethical is the most important skill a CFE should acquire. Huge fraud cases such as the collapse of Enron and WorldCom led to higher costs for products and services, mistrust in leaders and a loss in retirement funds and job security (Crumbley, 2009). This was one of the driving forces that led to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This act not only regulated the auditing profession but it also demonstrated to the public that accountants value ethical standards. Up until now this act is based on making â€Å"everyone responsible for fighting fraud by increasing all parties responsibilities for uncovering such fraud in every direction at every stop in the process† (Crumbley 2009). Not only has the Sarbanes-Oxley Act helped to gain the trust of the public, but CFEs have also played a huge role in this as well. The fact that the main task of a CFE is to deter and detect fraud, proves to society that the field of accounting remains ethical and fair. Fraud has caused many people to lose their trust in accountants; however, the field of accounting is implementing many ways to reduce fraud. Forensic Accounting plays a huge role in this because Certified Fraud Examiners are being used to analyze and examine financial statements in a way that normal accountants cannot. Through excellent communication and writing skills CFEs have ultimately proven that accountants do more than just â€Å"deal with numbers†. The increase in demand for Forensic Accounting shows that our ethical standards are still our main priority. Unfortunately, occupational fraud is something that always occurs in every organization; we cannot change this. However, what forensic accounting can change is the way which society views accountants as ethical.

The Low Down on Buy a Paper Exposed

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Problems with Ppaca - 1375 Words

Problems with PPACA: Higher Costs PPACA has touted new benefits without measures to cut cost.1 One should know that in America there are already federal laws and programs to cover the elderly (Medicare), the poor (Medicaid), and uninsured children (CHIPs), In addition there is basically free or low cost care to anyone who needs it and it is available if one looks for it. Examples include: Shriner’s hospitals, free clinics, and providers who do pro bono work. In case that wasn’t enough, there are also laws in place that ban practices of charging more to people with pre-existing conditions in employer-based health insurance. The 60% of Americans who get their healthcare insurance from their employer may actually be hurt by PPACA.†¦show more content†¦All medication purchases using FSAs or HSAs will require a prescription.1,2 Those expensive over-the-counter medications will now be out of pocket expenses for every American, even if they planned in advance with a HSA or FSA to cover the costs . More Red Tape It is hard to think of an example where government intervention reduces red tape and the PPACA is no exception. Anyone who receives $600 or more in compensation from a business will be required to receive a 1099 from that business at the end of the year. This ruling has been predicted to be so burdensome to American small businesses that even Obama has vowed to sign legislation to repeal it. Currently, the bill is gridlocked in Congress. Under the PPAC, the employer mandate will allow employers to receive monthly reports on subsidized employees. This has potential liability implications. Revealing personal finances to employers exposes individuals personal information and could increase employers liability.1 A business with the employer mandate in place and coverage for a household may see the government tack on penalties in such instances as an employee’s spouse loses a job, or an elderly relative moves in. There is the possibility that the employers will have to pay a penalty without knowing the full details, unless challenged and given permission by a government agency.1 Finally, under the employer mandate, PPACA forces businesses to make decisionsShow MoreRelatedThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1491 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintaining fairness. Background/Problem: In 2010, President Barack Obama instated the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The PPACA was implemented to help provide affordable health care insurance for Americans. The idea for an efficient universal health care system is not new. 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Essay on Thomas Paine, John Adams and the American Revolution

In 1775, the American movement towards freedom was gaining strength. Many authors during this time wrote about how the colonies needed to break away from England and become a free, independent nation. For example, Thomas Paine, John Adams and his wife Abigail are historic figures that played a significant role in the independence movement. They wished for an independent, British-free society where revolution was the means to achieve their common goal. The eventual triumph over Britain fulfilled the promises and aspirations of both Paine and the Adamses. In January of 1776, Thomas Paine made the case for independence in his pamphlet titled, Common Sense. The conquest of the British must have satisfied the goals of Paine in a†¦show more content†¦He believes that people that left Britain for America did so to escape the tyrant. He cries, Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster[Britain] (95). The achievement of independence fulfilled Paine for one additional reason; he deems that Britain had interest only in themselves and not in America. This is made clear by him saying, We[America] have boasted the protection of Great Britain, without considering, that her motive was interest not attachment; that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account... (95). John and Abigail Adams were also relieved to see the British leave America. John Adams was an involved figure in the passage to freedom. He was also an instrumental figure in the creation of the Declaration of Independence. His wife, Abigail, was also involved in the fight towards freedom judging by her correspondence with her husband during the war. In her letter on March 2nd, 1776, she states, I heartily wish every Tory was Extirpated [from] America, they are continually by secret mean [undermining] and injuring our cause (98). John Adams loved America very much and evidently more than anything else. He says, My Ease, my domestic Happiness, my rural Pleasures, my Little Poverty, my personal Liberty, my Reputation, my Life, have little Weight andShow MoreRelatedDiminishing Influence of Biblical Values1278 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Diminishing Influence of Biblical Values in Public Life Today† Thomas Jefferson called  him  Ã¢â‚¬Å"truly the man of the Revolution† and he will always be remembered in American history for his important contributions to the American Revolution. This man is Samuel Adams, â€Å"the Father of the American Revolution.† A graduate from Harvard University, Samuel Adams failed in business before becoming a politician. Although, he was a popular leader in America, many controversies surrounded him. He was oneRead MoreJohn Locke And The American Revolution1720 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Locke: A Key to the American Revolution It is widely accepted that the American Revolution was quite different for its time. Some may argue the English revolution was similar in a sense of greatly reducing the power of monarchy, however at this time there had not been many quite like it in the sense of a revolution completely doing away with monarchy. In this revolution we saw a rising movement from the people to oppose monarchy and demand a rule by the people. In this revolution we sawRead MoreThomas Paine, Father of the American Revolution1250 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Paine: The Father of the American Revolution When we look at the struggle for American Independence, most of us think of the war that the original patriots fought and won against the British. We look at some of the most historical figures in American history such as George Washington along with John Adams and credit them with independence of our nation. What many of us oversee is the man who inspired our weary, undermanned, unmotivated and ill equipped nation; Thomas Paine. Paine was a manRead MoreThe Reasons Behind The Writing Of The Declaration Of Independence896 Words   |  4 Pagesstamps and tea which was extremely essential to the colonists at this time. The phrase â€Å"taxation without representation† was used by the colonists to show their outrage with these taxes from England. They set out to rebel and started the American Revolution. Thomas Paine contributed to the colonists’ views on rebellion due to his book Common Sense. These are some of the events that encouraged the writing of the Declaration of Independence. The Stamp Act Boston Tea Party The Stamp Act was passed in 1765Read More An Analysis of Common Sense Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages As the year 1776 began in the American colonies, tension with King George III’s England was at perhaps an all-time high.   Americans were frustrated with the actions of their rulers overseas.   Taxes and trade restrictions had been placed on them, and British and mercenary soldiers occupied their towns and cities.   There had even been fighting at Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill.   As America grew, England’s hold on it tightened, and a few voices began speaking of independence.   The loudest andRead MorePolitical Contributions Of Thomas Paine1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions of numerous persons in American history. Arguably one of the most influential writers in history, Thomas Paine, a brutally candid writer with firm beliefs, was a well-liked and illustriously influential Patriot writer during the American Revolution. Nonetheless, after the revolution Paine published various books that, due his brutally honest tone and chosen subjects, were controver sial, unpopular, and or disregarded and criticized by conventional Americans. Consequently, leading historiansRead MoreImpact Of The Enlightenment And The French Revolution1015 Words   |  5 PagesWar, and The French Revolution. Both of these wars were influenced by the enlightenment, but what were the philosophies of each war, and what happened at the end of them? The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a period of time both the 13 British Colonies and the French used as inspiration in their Revolutions. The Americans, such as Thomas Jefferson drew inspiration from John Locke, who believed that every human born, was born with a blank slate. John Locke also insistedRead MoreCauses of The American Revolution Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages The period before the American Revolution was characterized by a series of social as well as political shifts that occurred in American society as new republican principles took hold in the gentry of the colonies. That time era distinguished the sharp political debates between radicals and moderates over the role that democracy should play in a government. This broad new American shift to republicanism and a newfound support of democracy was a catastrophe to the traditional social hierarchy, whichRead MoreCommon Sense Primary Source Critique903 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary Source Criti que: Jacobs, Harriet Ann (â€Å"Linda Brent†), Common Sense Due: November 10, 2013 Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, is a pamphlet that was written in 1775-76. Paine’s purpose for this writing was to be an encouragement to the general people of the thirteen colonies to seek declaration of their independence from Great Britain. Paine’s desire to connect with the common people is evident in his plain and easy to understand writing style; he wrote in an educated, but straight-forwardRead MoreThomas Paine And Thomas Jefferson Essay2079 Words   |  9 PagesStates. Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson would play large roles in these changes. Thomas Paine was about to publish one of the best pamphlets, and Thomas Jefferson would soon write the Declaration of Independence, both having religious ties. Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson came to an agreement on the formation of the unknown despite their beliefs and differences, fostering independence that still exists 240 years later. According to The American Pageant, Thomas Paine was from Britain. Paine was a

A view form Free Essays

Though a ceremony like the one of the Northern Ojibwa may seem extreme, I understand Cooley’s position. It is a way to go out with honor and pride with respect from his people. Nobody wants to leave this life needing someone to take care of them, such as changing their diapers, feeding them, or bathing them. We will write a custom essay sample on A view form or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a level of pride is justifiable with old age. Believe there is dignity in knowing how to accept the help from others when it is needed. A few years ago, was present when my grandfather, Blair, passed away. He lived a full life and was an honest man. He was happily married for 65 years and raised four intelligent, loving children. The day he past the whole family was at the hospital. Even though the emotions were high, my grandfather’s calming aura settled in the room. Believe my grandfather know he was going out with dignity as his children stood around him honoring his life while he was taking his last breath. I did not realize how much I look up and admire my grandfather’s life. The last couple months of his life he spent in a nursing home. He graciously accepted the much needed help. Like every other stage in life aging is a process. I believe many people in old age move from a place of denial of their capabilities to a place of acceptance of their limitations. Cooley suggests that there is a time when every aging person experiences the limitations and aliments of one’s own body. In his essay he shares an experience he has when he almost got into a car accident. The other man gets out of the car ready to fight but walks away once he saw Cooley was an older man. Cooley did not want to accept that maybe it was the old age that was causing him to be more weary behind the wheel. In the allowing paragraph he goes on to describe a woman offering him a seat on the bus. He initially declines the offer. As this scenario continues throughout the years he eventually takes the offer and is glad he could rest. These two experiences Cooley shares clearly shows his slow process into acceptance. Initially, he was in denial and angry that someone thought of him as old and unable to function properly behind the wheel. Then, years later he accepts the offer for a seat on the bus. Cooley’s process reminds me of one of my own. When my parents told me that they were â€Å"cutting me off’ and expected e to be fully self-sufficient, I went through a similar process. At first was in complete denial that my parents would actually do such a thing until they refused to give me money. Was angry and thought it to be unfair. I was very unhappy for a while until accepted my situation and embraced my independence. At this point in my life, I am currently creating a life for my future. I am just beginning to form my personal identity for who I am and who am going to be. We as humans, spend years even decades shaping who we are and making meaningful, identifiable attachments to the world around us. Aging individuals are remembered for their careers, accomplishments, and successes. Once they arrive to the final stage of life, with less to look forward to, they struggle to keep the idea of who they used to be alive. Cooley mentions, â€Å"the men and Women envy are those who accept Old age as a series of new challenges. † I believe that this is Cooley expressing his inability to let go of his old capabilities. I believe it is crucial to be able to let go of who you use to be and focus on who you are in the present moment. I struggled a lot with letting my old self go. A recovering addict and while Vive been clean, have had difficulty identifying who I am as a person with my past actions. I gained so much freedom from closing the door on my past but remembering those experiences to strengthen my future. For many, trying to maintain one’s old identity is an unfortunate reality, but there are those that embrace the new challenges of old age. Cooley’s essay, â₠¬Å"A View from 8(Y’ gave me an entire new standpoint on aging people. After reflecting on his essay, I came to understand the trials and tribulations that the elderly experience. How to cite A view form, Papers

Plato on Justice and Injustice Essay Example For Students

Plato on Justice and Injustice Essay In The Republic, Plato attempts to demonstrate through the character and discourse of Socrates that justice is better than justice is the good which men must strive for, regardless of whether they could be unjust and still be rewarded. His method is to use dialectic, the asking and answering of questions which led the hearer from one point to another, supposedly with irrefutable logic by obtaining agreement to each point before going on to the next, and so building an argument. Early on, his two young listeners pose the question of whether justice is stronger than injustice, what each does to a man, and what makes the first ood and the second bad. In answering this question, Socrates deals directly with the philosophy of the individuals goodness and virtue, but also ties it to his concept of the perfect state, which is a republic of three classes of people with a rigid social structure and little in the way of amusement. Although Socrates returns time and again to the concept of justice in his discourse on the perfect city-state, much of it seems off the original subject. One of his main points, however, is that goodness is doing what is best for the common, greater good rather than for individual happiness. There is a real sense in which his philosophy turns on the concepts of virtue, and his belief that ultimately virtue is its own reward. His first major point is that justice is an excellence of character. He then seeks agreement that no excellence is achieved through destructive means. The function of justice is to improve human nature, which is inherently constructive. Therefore, at a minimum, justice is a form of goodness that cannot be involved in injuring someones character. Justice, in short, is a virtue, a human excellence. His next point is that acting in accordance with excellence brings appiness. Then he ties excellence to ones function. His examples are those of the senses each sensory organ is excellent if it performs its function, as the eye sees, the ear hears. Therefore, the just person is a happy person is a person who performs his function. Since these are tied together, injustice can never exceed these virtues and so justice is stronger and is the good. However, Socrates does not stop there. He goes on to examine the question of the nature of justice and the just life. He identifies the four of the Athenian virtues: wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. For the bulk of he book, he looks at each virtue separately in terms of the perfect city state, but our focus is on justice. But he makes the point that justice, of the virtues, resides in mans relations to other men, not just in man as an individual. Thus, it is an excellence in social organization and in the organization of the human soul. So justice is a virtue which must be connected to the function of efficient and healthful cooperation. Justice is in one sense the greatest virtue for it is key to making the other virtues work together for the common good. If all the parts are to work together as a whole, each must have on function to excel at. Like the organs of the body, all contribute to the whole, but the eyes only see, the ears only hear. They do not share functions. Using this analogy, justice would be something like the moral mind which guides the body in its activities. Justice, then is the head, at the top of the hierarchy in social terms. When the other three virtues work together in orderly fashion within the state, justice is produced. But for justice to be produced, it must come from everyone doing his assigned function under the excellent guidance of the ruling class. Despite his emphasis of justice as a function of the perfect state, Socrates also deals with justice as a personal virtue. He finds that there is a parallel between the organization of the state and the organization of the individual. Just as there are three virtues other than justice, Socrates finds three parts in the individual soul sensation, emotion, intelligence. The just person, then must have balance between these aspects. Each must function in moderation to contribute to the health of the whole. Appetite and sensation are matters of desire. Desire must be subordinate to reason, or else they will throw the individual out of balance and lead him into injustice and unhappiness. Emotion (spirit and will) also can master desire. The alliance of emotion and reason is similar, Socrates says, to the rulers and the guardians in the state. Thus, the individual is a miniature state, and justice in the soul is like justice in the state. Plato was a philosopher in the time of the distinguished Greek philosophers. He wrote a book entitled The Republic in which he explains some of his philosophy on subjects ranging from education to government. The Republic discusses the nature of justice and the institutions of society. In some ways it is idealistic in that it describes Platos ideal ociety. But it also deals with human knowledge, the purpose and composition of education, and the nature of science. The principle of justice is the main theme of The Republic. Plato makes a connection between the principle of justice and his Theory of Forms in The Republic. When talking about the Ideal State, Plato is saying that one should never act without knowledge. So, if one wished to build a just city, they should only do so after they have understood the meaning of justice. But they cannot achieve an understanding of true justice until they have grasped the Form of Justice itself. Plato refers to his Theory of Forms throughout the dialogue, as it plays a major role in understanding his views of an Ideal State. Socrates is the main character and Plato uses Socrates as to voice his own opinions about his Ideal State. Through a series of questions, Socrates attempts to help his companions discover their own ignorance, since the starting point of philosophy is the realization that you do not have knowledge. Socrates is always at the center of the discussion and is often contemptuous and ironical, but he never strays from the importance of the subject being discussed. Socrates first states that justice is a good character. He then seeks agreement that no excellence is achieved through destructive means. The function of justice is to improve human nature, which is inherently constructive. Therefore, at a minimum, justice is a form of goodness that cannot be involved in injuring someones character. Justice, in short, is a virtue, a human excellence. His next point is that acting in accordance with excellence brings happiness. Then he ties excellence to ones function. His examples are those of the senses each sensory organ is excellent if it performs its function, as the eye sees, he ear hears. Therefore, the just person is a happy person is a person who performs his function. Since these are tied together, injustice can never exceed these virtues and so justice is stronger and is the good. However, Socrates does not stop there. He goes on to examine the question of the nature of justice and the just life. He identifies the four of the Athenian virtues: wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. For the bulk of the book, he looks at each virtue separately in terms of the perfect city state, but our focus is on justice. But he makes the point that justice, of he virtues, resides in mans relations to other men, not just in man as an individual. Thus, it is an excellence in social organization and in the organization of the human soul. So justice is a virtue, which must be connected to the function of efficient and healthful cooperation. Justice is in one sense the greatest virtue for it is key to making the other virtues work together for the common good. If all the parts are to work together as a whole, each must have on function to excel at. Like the organs of the body, all contribute to the whole, but the eyes only see, the ears only hear. They do not share functions. Using this analogy, justice would be something like the moral mind which guides the body in its activities. Justice, then is the head, at the top of the hierarchy in social terms. When the other three virtues work together in orderly fashion within the state, justice is produced. But for justice to be produced, it must come from everyone doing his assigned function under the excellent guidance of the ruling class. Plato attempts to demonstrate through the character and discourse of Socrates that justice is better than injustice and that justice is the good which men must strive for, regardless of hether they could be unjust and still be rewarded. His method is to use dialectic, the asking and answering of questions which led the hearer from one point to another, supposedly with irrefutable logic by obtaining agreement to each point before going on to the next, and so building an argument. Early on, his two young listeners pose the question of whether justice is stronger than injustice, what each does to a man, and what makes the first good and the second bad. In answering this question, Socrates deals directly with the philosophy of the individuals goodness and virtue, ut also ties it to his concept of the perfect state, which is a republic of three classes of people with a rigid social structure and little in the way of amusement. Although Socrates returns time and again to the concept of justice in his discourse on the perfect city-state, much of it seems off the original subject. One of his main points, however, is that goodness is doing what is best for the common, greater good rather than for individual happiness. There is a real sense in which his philosophy turns on the concepts of virtue, and his belief that ultimately virtue is its own reward. Despite his emphasis of justice as a function of the perfect state, Socrates also deals with justice as a personal virtue. He finds that there is a parallel between the organization of the state and the organization of the individual. About the Law EssayAccording to Plato, things you can see, feel, or touch for example, a chair, are not a genuine article, but merely a shadow of the real thing. He believed that these forms existed n parallel somewhere, and had was the essence of the real thing. For example, the form of a chair exists somewhere, and embodies everything that all chairs have in common. It doesnt mean that we can describe it, because not all chairs have four legs, or any legs for that matter. Not all chairs are meant to be sat in, or have arms. What does every chair have in common? No one can fully answer that question. When stated like this it can easily be understood, but when someone asks what all chairs have in common, or what all windows have in common, the idea of this form becomes cloudy because these questions can not be answered. The same can said about a truly just decision, or an action . He believed the same about ideas, such as truth and justice. For example when I perform a just act, it is just because it conforms to the ideal form of justice. The idea of forms is carried on to earth by the fact that all things such as ideas, and objects have a tangible existence. We act out these ideas, and make chairs, therefore they are tangible. The second idea in the Allegory of the Cave is the common man. According to Plato, they represent all people before they are fully educated. The common man sees nothing but the shadows on the wall of the cave. These shadows represent everything that we have ever seen, and since they are the only things we have ever seen, they constitute all that is real to us. Being fully educated involves the ability to see everything, including all that is outside the cave. The third part, the fire, is merely there to shed light on the forms, casting a shadow into the cave. Thus creating the only reality that the common man sees. The fourth part is the ascending man. This is the one man who manages to emerge from the cave that shelters the common man. Once he comes out, he finally understands the forms, and becomes fully educated. He sees that the shadows only hinted at the truth of reality. The fire can give you a vague idea of what the reality of things are, but until you surface, then you only see the shadow of reality. The final part is the descending man. Hes the person who came out of the cave and became enlightened. Hes on his way back to tell the others what hes learned, and try to get them to understand that there really is more to life than the shadows that everyone sees. The story that basically tells us of Socrates trial by his peers because of what he saw that they could not. The man in the cave tried to return to the cave after eing released, so that they might experience some of the beauty that he was allowed to view. He was murdered for his attempts to persuade. Truly in our times we have many freedoms including that of free speech. But our taking advantage of those freedoms, not using them for positive thought, puts us in that cave. The only way to release ourselves from the malaise or bonds of everyday lives, is to attempt to see every situation or thought as valuable in some way. We owe it to philosophers to at least give their beliefs an honest evaluation without condemning them. We all know what exists outside the cave. The people in the cave however, truly believe that the man allowed to leave was psychotic when he told them of what he had seen. ll the customary rules of religion and moral conduct imposed on the individual by social sanctions have their origin in human intelligence and will and always rest on tacit consent. They are neither laws of nature nor divine enactments, but conventions which man who made them can alter, as laws are changed or repealed by legislative bodies. It is assumed that, if all these artificial restraint s were removed, the natural man would be left only with purely egotistic instincts and desires, which he would ndulge in all that Thrasymachus commended as injustice. Plato continues his discussion of Forms later on. Socrates is trying to convince his companions why a philosopher would make the best king. On reason is that being a philosopher, the king will have knowledge of the Forms, and therefore have true knowledge. It is very important to Plato for a ruler to have knowledge of Justice and Goodness, so that he may administer justice and act for the good of his people. The Form of Goodness is the highest and most important of all the Forms, it is not on a level with the other forms, or the other Forms derive their truth and reality from Goodness. Socrates goes on to use an analogy of the sun to explain the highest for of knowledge, Goodness. Light is what makes things visible and the best source of light is the sun. The sun is not the same as visible things, but it is what makes vision itself possible. Similarly, the good is not the same as the objects of knowledge, but it is the source of knowledge. To see requires sun, to know requires reason. The analogy can be stated as, the idea of good is to reasoning as the sun is to seeing. Also in this book, Pluto expands on his distinction between knowledge and belief. He divides them into four kinds of objects. There are two degrees of knowledge and two degrees of belief. The highest degree of knowledge is Goodness, followed by the other Forms. The first degree of belief are physical objects, as the second degree of belief are shadows and images of the physical objects. In the last book, Plato criticizes poetry and the fine arts. Plato feels that art is merely the imitation of the imitation of reality, and that poetry corrupts the soul. Socrates says that artists merely create things. As an example, if a painter draws a couch on his canvas, he is creating a couch. But the couch he creates is not the real couch, it is nothing but a copy of an ordinary, physical couch which was created by a craftsman. But the ordinary, physical couch is nothing more than an imperfect copy, or image of the Form of Couch. So, the couch on the canvas is nothing but a copy of a copy of the real couch and is therefore three times removed from reality. Socrates then goes on to explain that an artists knowledge is also third- rate. If an artist is painting a picture of a table, for example, he is copying a table that has been manufactured by a furniture-maker, and this urniture-maker has more knowledge of the table than the painter does. But there is someone who has ever more knowledge about the table, the person who wants to have the table made. He is the one who gives the furniture- maker instructions to follow when making the table, according to its purpose for the buyer. So, the buyer of the table knows more about the table than the furniture-maker, and the furniture-maker knows more about the table than the painter. Socrates believes that only philosophers have the first-hand knowledge of things, since they believe in The Forms. Socrates also denounces Homer. Socrates feels that in his writing, Homer has pretended to be people he is not, such as a politician, general, businessman, teacher, and philosopher. Socrates feels this is wrong because Homer is claiming to be able to perform these functions that he has written about, but never really performed himself. He feels that Homer is abandoning reality. Plato feels that poetry has no place in his Ideal State, and should be banished until it can show itself to be a friend of philosophy. Socrates also mentions about the existence of an immortal soul. With this concession, he makes the point that good is that which preserves nd benefits. Justice is good, so it therefore preserves and benefits in this life as well as the next. Therefore, even though a man may wish to behave badly when no one is looking, as with the myth of the ring of Gyges, in fact, behaving justly will have the most rewards. The Republic was Platos ways of expressing his Theory of Forms and Justice. The main idea perhaps is to make people understand that there can be no justice within a society whose people are not just within themselves. There needs to be an internal justice, within the people, and within each person, in order to bring peace to the society. From reading the Republic, I realized that some issues he mentions are very clear, and some are not clear since I live in a different society and time. Plato does not describe his ideal society in great detail since he is considered with the ideal idea itself, and it is hard for me as a materialist to understand without seeing. One thing that is clear is that Plato tries to defend his theory all along and lets us, the unknowledged, experience a glimpse of the good. Platos belief seemed that life was to involve a movement upward toward the good, as this was a movement of the Soul.